What is Nephrology?

Nephrology is the medical specialty that deals with diseases of the kidneys. Nephrologists deal with illnesses that are caused by lowered kidney function, such as certain types of hypertension. They also treat illnesses that harm the kidneys, such as acute kidney disease. Other specific diseases and disorders that are treated by a nephrologist include:

• Chronic kidney disease
• Polycystic kidney disease
• Acute renal failure
• Blood or protein in the urine (hematuria or proteinuria)
• Kidney stones
• Nephritis, or inflammation of the kidneys

Pediatric nephrologists specialize in kidney diseases and disorders affecting infants and children. They may see children for inherited kidney diseases, recurring urinary tract infections, or high blood pressure, among other problems.

A nephrologist may use lab tests, ultrasound, and biopsies to diagnose the problem for their patients. They might prescribe treatments ranging from diet changes to dialysis to transplants. Most kidney problems are chronic, meaning that they last for a long time. Thus, nephrologists get to know their patients well and may treat them for many years.